「不朽の自由」、「高貴な鷲」作戦（テロ集団検挙作戦）

Bush Shifts Position On Detainees Geneva Conventions To Cover Taliban, But Not Al Qaeda-(Washington Post, February 8, 2002, Pg. 1)-President Bush reversed himself and declared that captured combatants who fought for Afghanistan's Taliban regime will be formally covered by the Geneva Conventions. But the president refused to confer that status on detainees who are members of the Al Qaeda terrorist network. Bush drew the distinction between the two groups on the grounds that the nation of Afghanistan was a party to the Geneva Conventions, while Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda network never signed the global accords, White House officials said.

Justice At Guantanamo-New York Times, January 29, 2002-Editorial-The administration’s reconsideration of how to categorize the terrorist detainees is wise. Following the Geneva Convention does not require coddling violent enemies of the U.S. It simply requires applying America’s proud standards of justice to them.

Bush Reconsiders Stand On Treating Captives Of War-New York Times, January 29, 2002, Pg. 1-President Bush said the Guantanamo Bay detainees could come under Geneva Convention protection, but the “killers” will not be granted POW status.

Cheney Says Powell Agrees That Terrorist Detainees Are Not POWs-Washington Times, January 28, 2002,-Vice President Cheney acknowledged that the State Department believes those terrorists held at Guantanamo Bay are POWs, subject to Geneva Convention treatment. Cheney said Secretary Colin Powell and everyone else in the administration agrees “they are not POWs in the conventional sense”---they are “unlawful combatants.”

アルカイダは捕虜でなく不法戦闘員　米国防長官表明-AsahiCom-2002-01-28-ラムズフェルド米国防長官は２７日、米軍がアフガニスタンで捕まえたタリバーンとテロ組織アルカイダの兵士が拘束されているキューバのグアンタナモ米海軍基地を視察した。長官は同行の記者団に「彼らは捕虜ではなく不法戦闘員だ。このケースはまったく疑いはない。アルカイダは軍隊ではない」と述べ、欧州諸国や国際赤十字が求めているジュネーブ条約に基づく捕虜としての取り扱いを改めて拒否した。　米政権内では、アルカイダ兵を不法戦闘員とすることには合意するものの、ジュネーブ条約の手続きに基づいてその身分を確定すべきだ、とするパウエル国務長官らの反対意見がある。ブッシュ大統領は、２８日の国家安全保障会議でこの問題を協議する予定だ。(12:11)

U.S. Sees Battles After Afghan War In Lawless Areas-(New York Times, January 8, 2002, Pg. 1)-The war on terrorism after Afghanistan could focus on denying terrorist groups sanctuary in places like Somalia, Yemen, Indonesia and the Philippines, countries where they have sometimes operated freely, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz said in an interview. While Wolfowitz has a reputation as one of the more aggressive members of President Bush's war council, his statements suggested that the Pentagon could opt to put off the bigger and politically more difficult targets in the war on terrorism, like Iraq, and therefore avoid conflict with some of its most important Arab and European allies which have been leery about taking on Baghdad.

U.S. Thinks Bin Laden Is Alive-(Washington Times, January 4, 2002, Pg. 1)-The Bush administration believes Osama bin Laden is still alive, based on the activities of "close associates" tracked by U.S. intelligence assets, a senior U.S. official said. The official also said there is a growing belief within the administration that bin Laden was injured in late November, possibly by U.S. air strikes against Al Qaeda compounds.

U.S. Set For Long Stay Near War Zone Air Base Being Built In Former Soviet State-(USA Today, January 4, 2002, Pg. 1)-Even as the United States pulls back some forces from Afghanistan, military planners are preparing for a long stay in Central Asia. American warplanes will begin arriving at a new air base being built in Kyrgyzstan as early as next week in what could be the first prolonged U.S. military presence in the former Soviet Union. In Afghanistan, Army troops from the 101st Airborne Division based at Fort Campbell, Ky., are replacing Marines, specifically because of their ability to remain for a prolonged period.

U.S. Hits Base As Al Qaeda Rebuilds-(Los Angeles Times, January 4, 2002, Pg. 1)-U.S. warplanes struck a military compound in eastern Afghanistan where members of Osama bin Laden's terrorist network were regrouping, the Pentagon said. Mindful of other recent conflicts?notably the 1991 Persian Gulf War with Iraq?in which the United States pulled its troops out quickly, leaving remnants of a militarily defeated force to rebuild its power base, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said that the Bush administration has no intention of following suit in Afghanistan.

U.S. Prepares Bombings In Somalia Al Qaeda Sites In African Nation Targeted-(Washington Times, January 3, 2002, Pg. 1)-U.S. and allied military forces are stepping up aerial-reconnaissance flights over Somalia in preparation for raids against Al Qaeda terrorist bases in the north African nation, according to U.S. intelligence officials. Intelligence reports also disclosed that some 100 Al Qaeda terrorists were identified recently in Somalia.

ビンラーディン氏、行方わからず -産経WEB-２００１－１２－１８－【ワシントン17日＝土井達士】トラボラを根拠としていたテロ組織アルカーイダに対する米軍や地元武装勢力の攻撃で米国の最大目標であるウサマ・ビンラーディン氏が見つかっていないことで、アフガニスタンでの米軍駐留が長引く可能性が出てきた。米国は以前から「米軍がアフガン占領軍になることはない」(ラムズフェルド国防長官)と強く主張し、治安維持目的の多国籍軍に参加しないことも早々に決定、目的が達成されれば直ちに引き揚げるとしていた。パウエル国務長官も米軍は「ビンラーディン氏を見つけるためにあらゆる努力を払う」と強調。事態が急を要する場合は米軍がビンラーディン氏を追ってパキスタンへ越境することにも含みを残すとともに、「米軍の任務が終われば多国籍軍と交代する」と、掃討戦が続く間は多国籍軍の展開が遅れることも示唆している。米誌ニューズウィークの最新の世論調査によると、米国民の62％は「ビンラーディン氏やオマル師が殺害・捕捉されない限り、米国の勝利とはいえない」との意見を支持。米世論もビンラーディン氏らの行方がわからないまま、兵力を引き揚げることには納得しない情勢になっている。　今後は、米軍部隊が自ら前面に立ち、市街地の住宅を一軒ずつ捜索するような作戦を行うような場面が増えることが予想される。アフガンの米軍は、南部カンダハルに駐留する一千人以上の海兵隊部隊、カブール北方のバグラム飛行場などでの駐留兵力のほかは、反タリバン勢力に同行する特殊部隊員が中心的な役割を果たしてきたが、事態の変化に応じて兵力構成などが見直される可能性も出ている。

Terror War Not Over, Even In Afghanistan-[New York Times, December 17, 2001, Pg. 1]-The Bush administration looks favorably on the collapse of al Qaeda forces in Afghanistan, and that country’s installation of a new, if shaky, government. But the war on terrorism isn’t over and President Bush plans to move quickly to other terrorist havens. Events in Israel and India, where terrorists continue to cause havoc, complicate administration decisions about where to take the war on terrorism.[December 17, 2001NEWS ANALYSIS]

U.S. Military Want SAS To Attack Bases In Yemen-[London Sunday Telegraph, December 16, 2001]-The next phase of the war on terrorism will have British troops attacking al Qaeda training camps in Yemen. Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh met with President Bush and is understood to have agreed to allow troops to enter his country.

Report: War Cost Has Exceeded $1 Billion-(USA Today, December 7, 2001, Pg. 13)-The 2-month-old war in Afghanistan has cost $1 billion to $2.2 billion, the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment estimated. ：「関連の参考数値」米損保会社のまとめによれば9月11日の政経中枢テロによる損害額は、400～700億ドル（5～8.7兆円）。これは法定準備金総額300億ドルを大きく上回っている。米国議会は損保会社に公的資金を投入する法案を審議中。事件後保険料があがりオフィスビルの多く（4分の３？）が損害保険の更新をためらうことによる影響も損保会社は受けているという。

Troops Face Serious Threat, Rumsfeld Says Mounting Disorder in Afghanistan A Concern; Marine Patrols Begin-(Washington Post, November 28, 2001, Pg. 1)-Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld expressed concern about mounting lawlessness in Afghanistan and warned that the U.S. military faces a long and difficult fight even in towns and cities already seized by anti-Taliban forces. As U.S. Marines began patrols on Humvees loaded with anti-tank weapons and heavy machine guns from their newly seized airstrip in southern Afghanistan, Rumsfeld said Taliban members and non-Afghan fighters remained active throughout much of the country and posed a serious threat to American troops and others.

In The South, U.S. Needs New Strategy (Boston Globe, November 26, 2001)) As the U.S. military strategy in Afghanistan shifts southward?to the remaining bastion of Taliban rule and the rugged network of caves and bunkers thought to hide members of the Al Qaeda network? American forces are engaged in a delicate balancing act between war and diplomacy: hunting for Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders as well as trying to build an alliance that can be trusted to negotiate with northern leaders for the future of the fractured country.

Marines Enter South Afghanistan Force To Set Up Base Near Kandahar, Track Members Of Al Qaeda (Washington Post, November 26, 2001, Pg. 1)-About 1,200 Marines began moving into southern Afghanistan, Pentagon officials said, marking the introduction of conventional ground troops into the seven-week-old war. Streams of U.S. helicopters began flying into the big airport just outside Kandahar as other aircraft circled overhead. The Marines will establish a base in the area, probably at the Kandahar airport that once was a base for the Al Qaeda terrorist network, and will begin operating indefinitely in the south, one official said. As many as 2,000 U.S. troops could eventually be on the ground.

Hundreds Of U.S. Troops Land 12 Miles From Taliban Stronghold (New York Times, November 26, 2001, Pg. 1) Hundreds of Marines landed at a makeshift airfield near the southern city of Kandahar in the first major infusion of American ground troops into Afghanistan. Their arrival began what Pentagon officials said would be a period of sustained assaults against Taliban and Al Qaeda forces.

U.S. Allies Chafe At 'Cleanup' Role Europe Irritated By Lack Of Consultation On Military Campaign (International Herald Tribune, November 26, 2001, Pg. 1))-The war in Afghanistan has relegated European governments to peacekeeping and humanitarian missions while the United States takes care of military operations?a glaring division of labor that could damage prospects for Western military coalitions in future crises, according to military officials on both sides of the Atlantic.

In The South, U.S. Faces A Guerrilla War-New Phase of Afghan Fight Will Be Murkier and Slower-[Washington Post, November 21, 2001, Pg. 1]-Nearly three-quarters of Afghanistan are in the hands of anti-Taliban forces. That prompts the Pentagon to say that the war is entering a new phase that could last longer and prove far more difficult for American forces than were the amazingly rapid advances of the first six weeks of the war, which closely resembled a very conventional conflict. The new phase will likely be more akin to classic guerrilla warfare, without defined front lines and with U.S. forces chasing small bands of Taliban and al Qaeda fighters.

Taliban Preparing For A ‘Last Stand’-[USA Today, November 21, 2001]-Taliban leaders under siege in their last southern Afghanistan stronghold are ready to make a last stand rather than suffer humiliating surrender. That attitude indicates it could be far more difficult to wipe out the last vestiges of Taliban control than it was to chase them from the rest of Afghanistan.

Direction Of Global War On Terrorism Raises Unsettling Questions-[New York Times, November 21, 2001, Pg. 1]-Allies in Europe, the Middle East and Russia are very apprehensive about the possibility that America might take the war on terrorism to other countries, especially Iraq. The American success in Afghanistan has sent an unambiguous message to those who would harbor terrorists---This could happen to you. Bush administration officials have been trying to exploit the psychological advantage of America’s massive firepower, and the win in Afghanistan, hoping to give Saddam Hussein reason to pause and consider whether he wants to risk the same hell that took out the Taliban.

U.S. Tells Afghans Of Rewards For Bin Laden-[New York Times, November 20, 2001, Pg. 1]-The U.S. bolstered efforts to capture Osama bin Laden by offering a $25 million cash reward for information leading to his discovery.

Pentagon Builds Case On Iraq-[USA Today, November 19, 2001, Pg. 1]-DoD strategists are preparing the case for massive bombing of Iraq as a new phase of President Bush’s war on terrorism. Proponents of attacking Iraq, led by Deputy Secretary Paul Wolfowitz, are arguing privately that that a smoking gun tying Saddam Hussein to the September 11 attacks is not needed to justify a military strike.[感想ー米国の対テロ作戦は、既に、タリバン壊滅後のものが完成の域に達していることを示すものであろう。]

Campaign Proves The Length Of U.S. Military Arm-[International Herald Tribune, November 19, 2001, Pg. 1]-The first phase of the Afghan war so far proves that American military might, including its devastating firepower, can be delivered against targets thousands of miles from the nearest friendly military base. This U.S. military capability is the main lesson being delivered by analysts after last week’s campaign destroyed the Taliban’s hold on power.[感想ーこの自信の下で行われる、今後の米国の国防改革がもたらす日本の防衛改革に与える影響を注視する必要があろう。]

タリバン、ビンラディン氏を追放か　英紙 -2001.11.19 -Web posted at: 5:05 PM JST (0805 GMT) [感想ータリバンの一部を除くイスラム教徒はラマダンを平穏に過ごし、キリスト教徒は新たなクリスマスを迎えられる可能性が高まったように見える。非アフガン人のタリバンとパシュツウン人のタリバンとの分裂・対立工作が功を奏し、前者が後者によって処刑されることで一段落するのが世界にとって最善の結末であると思う。]

Now, The Battle To Feed The Afghan Nation -[New York Times, November 16, 2001, Pg. 1]-The Taliban’s retreat opened the next critical phase of America’s campaign in Afghanistan---joining the effort to deliver relief for millions of hungry, ill, war-weary Afghans, of whom thousands are at death’s door.

U.S. Special Forces Joined Charge ON Horseback Against Taliban-(Bloomberg.com, November 15, 2001)-U.S. Special Forces working with the Northern Alliance rode horseback to charge Taliban militia positions. DoD Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz said special forces troops took a page from the past, "from the history of the horse cavalry with our soldiers armed with swords and rifles, maneuvering on horseback."

他州でもタリバン支配崩壊か -2001.11.15 -Web posted at: 6:57 AM JST (2157 GMT) - （ＣＮＮ）　タリバン政権の本拠カンダハルの情勢について１４日、反タリバンに立ち上がったパシュトゥン人勢力が空港を占拠したとの情報がある一方、市内はいまだタリバンの支配下にあるとの報道もあり、正確な情勢は分かっていない。 * このほか、　ロイター通信によると北部同盟のカヌニ内相は１４日、東部でジャララバードがあるナンガルハル、コナル、ロガル、ラグマンの４州で住民がほう起しタリバン支配が崩壊したと述べた。アフガン・イスラム通信（ＡＩＰ）も、ウルズガン州、コナル州からタリバンが撤退したと報じた。これらの地域が北部同盟の支配下にあるのか、または、反タリバンのパシュトゥン人勢力が蜂起したのかなど詳しい情勢は不明。各地から撤退するタリバンの意図は不明だが、山岳地帯に移動してゲリラ戦に比重を移そうとしているとの見方もある。[感想ー反タリバンのパシュトゥン人勢力が蜂起と見てよいのではないか。南東部はパシュトゥン人の支配地域、タリバン誕生の地でもある。今後はパキスタンのタリバン支援勢力との結びつきをいかにして断つかが仕事であろう。]

オマル師がタリバン兵に「徹底抗戦」呼び掛け -CNN-2001.11.14 -Web posted at: 10:59 AM JST (0159 GMT) - イスラマバード―アフガン・イスラム通信（ＡＩＰ）によると、アフガニスタンのタリバン最高指導者、オマル師は１３日、無線を通じて、タリバン兵士に北部同盟や米英への徹底抗戦を呼びかけた。演説は約８分間で、「司令官に従って戦え。逃げるな」と呼びかけ、首都カブールからの撤退で士気が落ちているとされるタリバン兵を鼓舞した。オマル師はさらに「私はカンダハルにいる。どこにも行かない。これはイスラムのための戦いだ」と述べ、本拠地カンダハルにとどまっていることを明らかにした。[感想ーこれはタリバンの末期症状と見てよいのではないか。「約８分間も無線」を使ったのであれば中枢部の所在をピンポイントで敵に示し、また、無線でしか指揮、統制できない状況に追い込まれていること、逃亡する兵がいて困っていること、などを、最高指揮官が白状したことになる。]

Taliban Flees Afghan Capital -Retreat Follows Rebel Victories Across North-(Washington Post, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-Taliban troops fled Kabul as opposition forces rolled over Taliban front-line positions north of the city. The Taliban withdrawal followed a series of Northern Alliance victories across northern Afghanistan, which were aided by a coordinated U.S. bombing campaign.

Two Wars, Many Fears-(New York Times, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-The Afghan northern campaign is nearly completed; the southern campaign is just starting. Taliban forces have fled Kabul, giving the northern opposition a significant victory, while sparking concerns about making sure that the southern campaign will be as successful. Washington is counting on the Northern Alliance’s success to convince southern Pashtun tribes that the Taliban’s days are numbered and it is wise to join the U.S.-led military coalition.

Rebel Gains Shift U.S. Focus To The South-(Washington Post, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-U.S. military strategists are turning the attention to southern Afghanistan now that the Northern Alliance controls the country’s northern areas, including Kabul. Pentagon planners realized from the outset that southern Afghanistan is the more crucial region because southern Pashtun tribes have been the Taliban’s core support.

Gains By Rebels In Afghanistan’s North Pose Tough Choices, New Risks For U.S.-(Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-The collapse of Taliban forces in northern Afghanistan opens a new concern for U.S. war planners---how to present victory in the north as reason for southern Pashtun tribes to oppose the Taliban.

Peace Plan Would Aid Rival Tribes-(Washington Times, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-Bush administration plans to keep the peace in a postwar Afghanistan by offering aid to rival tribes and carefully monitoring defecting Taliban soldiers to make sure than have changes sides for real. A tough phase of the war for U.S. forces lies ahead---special operations units and the CIA must find and eliminate hundreds, if not thousands, of hardcore Taliban and Al Qaeda terrorists. Ridding Afghanistan of the Taliban would give the new government a chance to succeed.

In Fallen Taliban City, A Busy, Busy Barber-(New York Times, November 13, 2001, Pg. 1)-Amon’s Barbershop in Kabul has a line of men waiting to get their beards shaved off. A joyous mood has swept the city in the wake of the Taliban’s retreat, including the men’s desire to get rid of the beards ordered by Taliban leaders. Most noticeable, however, is that women can walk the streets without a male relative escort and don’t have to cover their faces in public.

タリバンがカブール撤退、北部同盟が市内突入 -2001.11.13 -Web posted at: 12:28 PM JST (0328 GMT)

U.S. Is Expecting To Spend $1 Billion A Month On War -(New York Times, November 12, 2001, Pg. 1) -U.S. officials anticipate early phases of the war in Afghanistan will cost taxpayers about $1 billion per month, with prices rising rapidly as DoD builds forces in the region.

北部同盟　タロカン･バーミヤンも制圧と発表 -2001.11.12 -Web posted at: 5:54 AM JST (2054 GMT) -（ＣＮＮ）　北部同盟のアブドラ外相は１１日、マザリシャリフに次いでタロカン（タハル州）とバーミヤンを制圧したと発表した。タロカンは、北部同盟のかつての拠点の一つ、ファイザバートとマザリシャリフ、バーミヤンは首都カブールとマザリシャリフを、それぞれ結ぶ重要幹線上にある。北部同盟側が北部一帯を制圧する勢いをみせている。[感想；この成果は行動開始から約１月を経て、反テロ同盟側の“知力、人力、装備、補給、施設、訓練”の各要素の攻勢態勢が整ってきた証拠であろう。タリバン側は逆に全ての要素で困難に直面しているはずである。今後の焦点はポスト・タリバン政権の構成に入っているように思われるがーー。
北部同盟がバーミヤン制圧、西部ヘラートへ進軍 (04:43)-Y0miuriOnLine-2001-11-11-ロイター通信によると、反タリバン勢力のイスマイル・カーン司令官は11日、部隊がカレイナウに進攻し、さらに西部の要衝ヘラートに向けて進軍していることを明らかにした。(11月12日04:43)

オランダが人道支援に１４００人規模の部隊派遣へ(00:49)-Y0miuriOnLine-2001-11-11-【ブリュッセル１０日＝鶴原徹也】オランダのコック首相は９日、１２００―１４００人規模の部隊をアフガニスタンに派遣する用意があると発表した。人道活動支援のためで、攻撃には参加しない。首相はまた、フリゲート艦３隻、潜水艦１隻、哨戒機６機、軍用輸送機２機などの出動準備を整えていることを改めて表明した。(11月11日00:49)

Elite Army Psychological Unit Aims A Propaganda Campaign At Afghans-(Wall Street Journal, November 8, 2001, Pg. 1)-Reluctant to commit large numbers of ground troops to Afghanistan, U.S. military planners are counting on Taliban soldiers to defect and on ordinary Afghans to take up arms to back American troops. To help make that happen, the Army's 4th Psychological Operations (Psyops) group already has dropped more than 16 million leaflets on the country. The most recent shows a Taliban soldier using a metal rod to beat several women, covered head to toe in their Islamic robes, called burkhas. "Is this the future you want for your women and children?" it asks in both Dari and Pashto, the two most common Afghan languages.

Pentagon To Send 4th Carrier To Afghanistan -Stennis To Lead Battle Group
(Washington Times, November 8, 2001)-The Pentagon is set to dispatch a fourth aircraft carrier battle group to the waters near Afghanistan, and the ships could depart for the region as early as this weekend, defense officials said. The USS Stennis and its three squadrons of F-18 and F-14 fighters will join the three carriers already being used to launch strikes: the Carl Vinson, the Theodore Roosevelt and the Kitty Hawk, which is being used as a base for special-operations troops.

Afghan Winter: US Foe Or Ally? -(Christian Science Monitor, November 8, 2001) -American military officials assert that superior technology will give their troops a cold-weather advantage during the Afghan winter, yet brutal weather conditions?from capricious lashing winds, to freezing rain and deepening snow that closes supply routes?have already resulted in American casualties, helicopter crashes, and stalled Special Forces operations, officials concede.

War Support Falls Worldwide -Sept. 11 Doesn't Justify Bombing, Many Say-(Washington Post, November 7, 2001, Pg. 1) -The initial outburst of worldwide solidarity with the United States after Sept. 11 frayed considerably as American warplanes bombed Afghanistan relentlessly for the fifth week running. This was true not only in Arab and other Muslim countries, where the U.S. military campaign has provoked popular outrage, but in other nations where people feel less of a direct connection to the events.

Pentagon Says U.S. Using Biggest Non-Nuclear Bomb-(USA Today, November 7, 2001, Pg. 8)-U.S. warplanes have begun dropping a fearsome Vietnam War-era weapon in Afghanistan: the 15,000-pound "daisy cutter" bomb. The Pentagon acknowledged that two of the automobile-sized bombs, the most powerful non-nuclear weapons in the U.S. inventory, had been dropped on Taliban troops in the past week. Most conventional bombs weigh 500 to 2,000 pounds. The BLU-82 is so large that it has to be dropped from a cargo plane and floated down by parachute. It is designed to explode 3 feet above the ground and incinerate anything within 600 yards.

.ビンラディン一派は花婿候補を急遽募集中？-デイリー　テレグラフ社　２００１年１１月６日付記事-オサマ　ビンラディンのアラブ親衛隊は、自らの娘や姉妹をカンダハルにいるアフガン人と結婚させ始めた。彼等が今回の戦いで死を覚悟し出した最初の兆候といえる。秘密の結婚がカンダハル周辺の各地で先週行われ、数百人ものアラブ人女性が式を挙げた。　多額の金と引き換えに地元の男性は彼女等の面倒を見る。続きはこちらから↓
https://www.bouei.com/member/rinji/rinji_news29.htm

U.S. Escalating Efforts To Bomb Taliban Caves-(New York Times, November 6, 2001, Pg. 1)-A combination of heavy-duty bombs and more precise target information from Russia and from American Special Operations forces on the ground have helped the United States escalate attacks on caves and tunnels in Afghanistan that have been identified as Taliban arms depots and command centers, military officials said. The bombing, which has included the use of 5,000-pound bunker-busters, came as U.S. commandos spirited out of southern Afghanistan a prominent opposition leader, Hamid Karzai, who had been trying to organize a rebellion in the Taliban's stronghold, a military official said.

Taliban Dispersal Slows U.S. -Enemy Moves Forces to Civilian Centers, Complicating Airstrikes-(Washington Post, November 6, 2001, Pg. 1)-As U.S. warplanes bear down on front-line Taliban troops in northern Afghanistan, efforts to weaken rear-guard forces in key cities have been frustrated by the movement of Taliban units out of their barracks and into residential areas, religious buildings and cultural centers, defense officials said. "They've gotten smarter every day," one official said. "They know what we say we're not going to hit?and they go there."

Afghanistan Caves Thwart Invaders-(USA Today, November 6, 2001, Pg. 1)-From ancient irrigation systems to caves that go on for miles, Afghanistan's underground labyrinths have confounded would-be conquerors since the days of Genghis Khan, the British and the Soviets. Now it's America's turn. President Bush has vowed to "smoke out" Osama bin Laden and the Taliban rulers who give him shelter. U.S. airstrikes are targeting the caves and other underground complexes with "bunker-busting" bombs. It is almost certain, if they haven't already, that U.S. commandos will follow once they believe they know where bin Laden is.

U.S. May Gain Use Of More Air Bases To Strike Taliban-(New York Times, November 5, 2001, Pg. 1)Tajikistan and the United States are moving toward an agreement that could lead to American military strikes against the Taliban forces from the territory of the Central Asian republic. An American inspection team has arrived in the country to examine three former Soviet bases to see if they are still usable. Tajikistan would receive tens of millions of dollars in return for American use of the facilities.

Pakistanis Tone Down Call To Halt Airstrikes-Rumsfeld Is Cautioned About Muslim Reactio-(Washington Post, November 5, 2001, Pg. 1)-Pakistan's president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, backed away from calls to halt the bombing of Afghanistan during Ramadan, but cautioned visiting Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld that continued airstrikes during the holy month could cause negative political fallout throughout the Muslim world, senior U.S. and Pakistani officials said.

Rumsfeld Visits Pakistan; Cleric Charged In Coup Speech-(Washington Times, November 5, 2001, Pg. 1)) -Pakistan authorities filed sedition charges against the nation's leading Muslim cleric, stepping up a crackdown on anti-government and anti-U.S. protests as Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld flew in for a quick visit. The charges against Qazi Hussain Ahmad, leader of the Jamaat-e-Islami party, stemmed from a speech on Friday in which he urged the army to overthrow the government.

More U.S. Special Ops Troops Deployed -Commandos to bolster the Northern Alliance-(USA Today, November 5, 2001, Pg. 1))The United States has put more special operations troops into Afghanistan to bolster the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance's chances of capturing a strategic city before winter. "Just last night, we put in a couple more (U.S.) teams," Gen. Richard Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said on NBC's Meet the Press. Another senior Pentagon official said at least two teams entered the country Saturday, augmenting several others already there. Each team typically has a dozen soldiers specializing in operations from calling in airstrikes to reconnaissance.

Packed Like Sardines, Shipboard Marines Fight The Battle Before The War: Boredom-(Wall Street Journal, November 5, 2001, Pg. 1))-Since they cut short their Australian shore leave on the day after the World Trade Center attacks, the 2,200 troops of the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit have been killing time on three ships steaming around the north Arabian Sea, where they are poised for duty in the war against Afghanistan's Taliban militia. There have been a couple of quick air operations, but the bulk of the enlisted Marines are still waiting for their chance to go to war?training, playing spades, lifting weights, dipping snuff and living in sepulchral bunks stacked four high in the bowels of the amphibious assault ship USS Peleliu.

Turkey Says Elite Troops Will Join U.S. Campaign To Train Anti-Taliban Force-(New York Times, November 2, 2001) -Turkey said that it would send 90 special forces troops to Afghanistan, making it the first Muslim nation to join the American-led attacks on the Taliban and Osama bin Laden. The soldiers would primarily help train anti-Taliban fighters and support aid operations. But Turkish officials acknowledged that the troops also might engage in combat.

U.S. Sees Winter As Advantage -(Washington Times, November 2, 2001, Pg. 1)) -The Pentagon has made plans for months of ground combat by Special Operations forces inside Afghanistan and views the country's upcoming harsh winter as a friend, not a foe, U.S. officials and commandos said. "We train for the winter warfare environment and can function in it and actually be comfortable," said an Army commando. "The Afghans are miserable in that environment and don't want to come out and play."

Allies Set Up 24-Hour Info Offices -Objective Is To Quickly Counter Taliban Claims-(USA Today, November 2, 2001, Pg. 13)) -The United States and Britain have set up a 24-hour public relations operation for the war on terrorism, and President Bush is planning a week of appearances to shore up support among Americans and the rest of the world. The purpose of the round-the-clock information offices is to counter Taliban propaganda immediately, even in the middle of the night Washington time.

国防長官「太平洋戦争で日本への空爆は３年半だった」 -CNN-2001-11-02-ラムズフェルド国防長官は１日、記者会見の冒頭、米軍のアフガンでの攻撃が目に見える成果をあげていないとの批判に第２次世界大戦での史実を持ち出して反論した。長官は空爆期間が長すぎるとの非難に対して、日本へは３年半、ドイツでも５年近くも空爆を続けたことをあげた。迅速な勝利を期待するメディアや国民に対して、改めて「忍耐」を求めたものだ。 : -- 数日中に「多数の」地上部隊を投入へ　国防長官

Pakistan sends supplies to Taliban-(Washington Times, November 1, 2001, Pg. 1)) -The Taliban militia is receiving military and other supplies covertly from Pakistan despite the Islamabad government's backing for American military operations, according to U.S. officials. The military goods, including ammunition and fuel, are being sent with the approval of the Pakistani military and the Inter-Services Intelligence service (ISI), which is said to have close ties with the Taliban regime. [感想：やはり。でなければタリバン側の抵抗が続かないはず。米国首脳が、当初から「長期も覚悟」と、国民に「忍耐」を求めていたのが理解できる。]

Afghanistan's Hidden Landmine Threat-MilitaryCom.-Oct.31,2001-Landmines, up to 10 million of them nestled in grasses, covered in sand, or hidden in potholes on Afghan soil, lend themselves less readily to stunning visuals. Landmines kill between 150 and 300 people in Afghanistan each month, and are sure to pose a serious threat to US forces, now reported to be on the ground in Afghanistan. More..

U.S. Campaign On A Second Front: Public Opinion-(New York Times, October 31, 2001) -Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is planning to leave this week for Russia and nations near Afghanistan as the Bush administration strives to hold together its coalition for the military campaign against Osama bin Laden and the Taliban government that protects him. The United States has deployed 1,000 Army troops, as well as special operations forces, in Uzbekistan, a move that Rumsfeld helped arrange on a previous trip. Now the military may need more cooperation from Central Asian states to keep up military pressure on the Taliban, support the Northern Alliance and continue its search for bin Laden.

U.S. Troops Coordinating Airstrikes -Ground Support Aids Northern Alliance-(Washington Post, October 31, 2001, Pg. 1)-The Pentagon moved to step up its support of the anti-Taliban rebels in northern Afghanistan, acknowledging for the first time that U.S. troops were on the ground to coordinate intensified airstrikes and signaling that additional military assets may be moved to Central Asia in coming weeks. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said a "very modest" number of American troops were playing a liaison role with the Northern Alliance, designating targets for airstrikes and helping arrange logistical support.

Special Forces, On The Ground, Aid The Rebels-(Washington Post, October 31, 2001, Pg. 1)-A small number of American troops have been on the ground in northern Afghanistan working closely with rebel militias for several days, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said. Providing the first details of the expanding ties with the resistance forces facing the Taliban, Rumsfeld said the American forces were working with the Northern Alliance to establish supply routes, improve communications with American commanders and target specific Taliban military positions for air strikes against the front lines.

Major Drive Seen For Afghan Cities -Waiting Is Over, U.S. Officials Say-(International Herald Tribune, October 31, 2001, Pg. 1))-The Bush administration has begun to escalate its military offensive in Afghanistan, starting with help for anti-Taliban forces in staging an all-out drive to take key cities in the north in coming weeks, U.S. officials said. The new approach was evident Monday night with the first U.S. airdrops of ammunition to fighters of the opposition Northern Alliance.

Survey Shows Doubts Stirring On Terror War-(New York Times, October 30, 2001, Pg. 1)-Americans for the first time are raising doubts about whether the nation can accomplish its objectives in fighting terrorism at home and abroad, including capturing or killing Osama bin Laden, saving the international alliance from unraveling and protecting people from future attacks, the latest New York Times/CBS News poll shows. The public is questioning whether the government is doing enough to forestall what it increasingly expects to be another terrorist attack in this country within months. Fifty-three percent say another attack is very likely, up from 46 percent two weeks ago and 36 percent two weeks before that.

Pressure To Curtail War Grows -U.S., Britain Consider Pausing for Ramadan-(Washington Post, October 30, 2001, Pg. 1)-Pressure on the United States to curtail the war in Afghanistan grew as Pakistan's president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, asked for a bombing pause during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan that begins next month. Britain's defense secretary said a pause was under serious consideration. But Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, briefing reporters at the Pentagon, reiterated his opposition to a bombing pause, saying that Afghanistan's ruling Taliban militia and the Al Qaeda terrorist network it shelters "are unlikely to take holiday."

Material Seized In U.S. Ground Raid Yields Few Gains-(New York Times, October 30, 2001, Pg. 1)-A collection of documents, computer disks and other material seized during a nighttime raid by special operations forces in southern Afghanistan 10 days ago failed to produce the intelligence bonanza that the Pentagon had sought, military and government officials said. The limited value of the material?as well what the raid showed about the Taliban's continued ability and willingness to resist?may be part of what led Bush administration officials to make gloomier assessments about the pace of the war.

Eagle Eyes Over The Homeland -False Alarms, Big Threat List Keep U.S. Air Defenses Busy-(Washington Post, October 30, 2001, Pg. 1)-With Operation Noble Eagle now in its seventh week guarding U.S. skies, Air Force F-15 and F-16 fighter jets continue to fly patterns day and night over Washington and New York and randomly appear over about a dozen other metropolitan areas. From time to time, military aircraft are also sent aloft to patrol special occasions such as major league sports events or to check out reports of possible threats to power plants and other sensitive sites. Air Force jets sit on alert at 26 air bases, their avionics preset, their weapons loaded, everything primed to get the planes airborne within 15 minutes.

U.S. Expects Longer War -Pentagon May Set Up Base Inside Afghanistan Soon-(USA Today, October 29, 2001, Pg. 1)-A wave of military setbacks in the past week has put the Bush administration on the defensive and forced Pentagon planners to move more aggressively toward the establishment of a forward base in Afghanistan. On the Sunday talk shows, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and White House chief of staff Andy Card were peppered with questions about the pace of the war, but they refused to say whether the administration would commit large numbers of ground troops to Afghanistan, as members of Congress have suggested. "Let's not go there yet," Card said on NBC News' "Meet the Press."

「ビンラディン氏の発見を期待」　ラムズフェルド長官-CNN-2001.10.26 -Web posted at: 7:41 AM JST (2241 GMT)- ワシントン（ＣＮＮ）　米国防長官は２５日の記者会見で、「ウサマ・ビンラディン氏を見つけられることを期待している」と、同日付のＵＳＡトゥデー紙が同長官とのインタビュー記事として「ビンラディン氏の発見は難しい」と報じたことを受けて述べた。また、同長官は「ちょっと見出しが強すぎる」とこぼしたうえ、言いたかったことは「ビンラディン氏を見つけることは、タリバン政権転覆よりも難しいということだ」と述べた。ＵＳＡトゥデー紙とのインタビューでラムズフェルド長官は「ビンラディン氏がいなくなったとしても同じ問題は残る」とも語っている。

Rumsfeld: U.S. May Never Get Bin Laden -(USA Today, October 25, 2001, Pg. 1)-Secretary Rumsfeld said American forces might not nab Osama bin Laden, but he anticipates the Taliban regime will be toppled. He said there will be a post-Taliban Afghanistan and the U.S. should not be responsible for forming a new Afghan government. Rumsfeld said bin Laden has plenty of money and can move from country to country in many different ways.

U.S. Concedes Taliban Battle Will Be Tough -Military: A Joint Chiefs official says the Afghan regime will protect itself by moving its fighters into crowded urban areas, where America's technological advantages would be constrained.(Los Angeles Times, October 25, 2001, Pg. 1) -JCS official Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem said it is apparent that the Taliban will protect itself by moving forces into cities, where American technological advantages are hampered by the problems of intelligence-gathering and efforts to save civilians.

Pentagon Says Taliban Is Ready For Long Fight-(Washington Post, October 25, 2001, Pg. 1)-The Pentagon said the Taliban militia is proving to be a tenacious opponent and is hunkering down for a long fight that could drag on through the harsh Afghan winter. The Taliban has halted Northern Alliance advances on Kabul and has begun dispersing troops in ways that are hard to hit with airstrikes.

Russia Supplies Tanks -(Washington Post, October 25, 2001, Pg. 1)-Russia sent scores of tanks to opposition forces in Afghanistan as the Pentagon warned that Taliban forces intend to poison foreign food aid and blame it on Americans.

U.S. Aiming To Cut Supplies To Lift The Taliban Grip-(New York Times, October 24, 2001, Pg. 1)-The Pentagon has boosted air raids in Afghanistan in an effort to choke off Taliban supply lines that keep them in power.

Seeking A Blend Of Military And Civilian Decision-Making -(New York Times, October 24, 2001) -DoD Secretary Rumsfeld, JCS Chairman Myers and U.S. Central Command boss Gen. Franks confer twice a day to assess the military campaign in Afghanistan, plot their next moves and pick targets that offer the least chance of hitting civilians. They have adopted methods used during the Gulf War, when Gen. Schwarzkopf mostly ran the operation, and the far more restrictive approach of the 1999 Kosovo campaign, when civilians from Bill Clinton on down reviewed bombing targets.

Females Kept Off Ground For Special-Ops Missions -(Washington Times, October 24, 2001, Pg. 1) -Women are permitted to drop bombs on Afghanistan from warplanes. By law, however, they are prohibited from joining special-operations missions to kill terrorists.

Women fighter pilots flying combat missions over Afghanistan with little or no fanfare-Associated Press -October 23, 2001-ABOARD THE USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT (AP) - After flying an attack mission on Afghanistan early Tuesday, Lieut. J.G. Sara said she didn't think she and other women pilots should be singled out for attention, or that what she was doing was historic. Indeed, little special attention has been focused on women fighter pilots and weapons' officers. Kosovo was the first major military campaign since the Navy decided in 1993 to allow women to fly combat aircraft; the war on terrorism is the second.

Rumsfeld Eyes Global Command To Oversee Long War On Terrorism -(Washington Times, October 23, 2001, Pg. 1) -Secretary Rumsfeld is considering a global command for fighting the lengthy war on terrorism, a sign certain that the Pentagon is thinking about covert combat in countries other than Afghanistan. Rumsfeld has met several times with U.S. Special Operations Commander Gen. Charles R. Holland about forming a command or establishing a base for the anti-terrorism effort at McDill AFB, the general’s headquarters.

Rumsfeld Says Attacks Seek To Help Rebels Advance-(New York Times, October 23, 2001, Pg. 1) -U.S. warplanes rained fire on front-line Taliban positions, as American military strategy shifted to provide direct support for anti-Taliban forces. DoD Secretary Rumsfeld said the attacks are meant to flush out Taliban and Al Qaeda forces from hiding and clear the way the Northern Alliance to advance.

Bombs Aim To Put Heat On Taliban And Pakistan-(New York Times, October 22, 2001) -U.S. air raids in Afghanistan intensified, with apparent intent of not only putting pressure on the Taliban, but also to persuade Pakistani supporters of the Taliban to end the bickering about whether the Northern Alliance should govern a post-war Afghanistan.

U.S. Predicting Fight Will Last Well Into Spring Military: Joint Chiefs chairman says forces are prepared for winter combat. Planes strike Taliban north of Afghan capital. Pentagon identifies two soldiers killed in crash.-(Angeles Times, October 22, 2001, Pg. 1)-JCS Chairman Gen. Gen. Richard Meyers said the Afghan campaign could last well into spring and beyond. Meanwhile, U.S.-led airstrikes hit Taliban troops near the front line north of Kabul. Navy F/A-18 Hornets struck Taliban forces dug in close to the strategic Bagram air base. The Pentagon identified the two soldiers who died when their Black Hawk helicopter crashed in Pakistan early Saturday as Spc. Jonn J. Edmunds and Pfc. Kristofor T. Stonesifer.

タリバン緊急閣議、一般市民への武器供与決める-YomiuriOnLine-2001-10-22:【イスラマバード２２日＝森太】アフガニスタンを実効支配するタリバン政権は２１日、カブールで緊急閣議を開き、米軍との地上戦に備え、携帯式対空ミサイルや重機関銃などの武器を一般住民にも供与し、住民総動員体制で徹底抗戦する方針を決めた。同政権のモタキ教育相がロイター通信に語った。供与可能な武器をタリバンがどの程度保有しているかは明らかになっていない。(10月22日13:27):[感想ー無辜の民を人質にする作戦、追い詰められてきたのであろう。]

特殊部隊の攻撃　２地点が標的、１００人以上が参加 -CNN-2001.10.21 AM 07:46 JST (2246 GMT) Updated-米軍トップのマイヤーズ統合参謀本部議長は２０日、記者会見し、米特殊部隊がパラシュートで、カンダハル近郊のタリバンの軍司令部と、同国南部の空港滑走路の２カ所を奇襲攻撃したことを正式に明らかにした。陸軍レンジャー部隊などに所属する１００人を超える兵士が参加。降下の際に米兵２人が負傷したが、マイヤーズ議長は作戦は「成功した」と評価した。 : 「カンダハル近郊に米兵が降下」タリバン側が認める

Commandos Battle in Afghanistan-Military Com.-Associated Press-October 19, 2001-About 100 U.S. commandos battled on the ground in southern Afghanistan, opening a new phase of the war on terrorism after nearly two weeks of punishing airstrikes, U.S. officials said Friday night. More...

Rumsfeld Ponders Ground Troops-(Washington Times, October 19, 2001, Pg. 1)--DoD Secretary Rumsfeld conceded that air power alone won’t win the battle in Afghanistan, but he probably won’t announce any ground operations until “we have an activity that is significant and noticeable.”

Pentagon Corners Output Of Special Afghan Images-(New York Times, October 19, 2001)
-DoD’s National Imagery and Mapping Agency has purchased all of the rights to pictures of Afghanistan taken by the world’s best commercial imaging satellites. The deal signed with Space Imaging Inc. gives the Pentagon first rights to any photos of Afghanistan, which gives DoD the right to withhold pictures from public access, including the media.

Land-Based Fighter Bombers Join Airstrikes In Afghanistan -(Washington Post, October 18, 2001, Pg. 1) -U.S. land-based fighter bombers blasted Taliban positions and heavy fighting was reported on the ground between Taliban and Northern Alliance force near Mazar-e Sharif. USAF F-15E Strike Eagles, flying from bases in the Persian Gulf region, joined dozens of other warplanes in the 11th day of air assaults.

U.S. Splits Afghanistan Into ‘Engagement Zones’-(Washington Times, October 18, 2001, Pg. 1) -U.S. military strategists have segmented Afghanistan into zones of destruction and assigned fighter-bombers to patrol them in a constant hunt for Taliban forces and Osama bin Laden’s terrorists. With these “engagement zones” set, U.S. warplanes now have the ability to hit anything that moves in Afghanistan, day or night.

U.S. Arms Unmanned Aircraft -‘Revolution’ In Sky Above Afghanistan-(Washington Post, October 18, 2001, Pg. 1) -American armed, unmanned aircraft are participating in the Afghan air war. This is the first time that aircraft like the Predator has been used anything other than gathering intelligence. This is a turning point in warfare, as it signals that USAF is able to survey and then shoot at ground positions from lower altitudes without putting pilots at risk.

Pentagon: Taliban Forces ‘Eviscerated’ -Alliance Says It Is Poised To Take Key City-(Washington Post, October 17, 2001, Pg. 1) -The Taliban’s combat ability has been “eviscerated” by intensified U.S. air strikes. Also, Northern Alliance troops are on the outskirts of Mazar-e Sharif and about ready to take control of the city. Mazar-e Sharif is an important northern city and its takeover by alliance forces would provide them with important geographic and psychological advantages.

U.S. Hopes To Break The Taliban With Pounding From The Air -(New York Times, October 17,2001, Pg. 1) -The American strategy is to crack the Taliban leadership with a blitz of night and day bombing attacks. Not only is the U.S. pouring on the firepower, military strategists are also broadening the list of targets and permitting pilots to fire at will within designated areas. The Pentagon indicates that air raids would soon be expanded to include Taliban front-line forces that have been fighting the Northern Alliance.

Suddenly, Small Gaps In Nuclear Security Are Starting To Look More Like Chasms -(Wall Street Journal, October 17, 2001, Pg. 1) -Officials have evidence that Osama bin Laden’s terrorist operatives have been trying to obtain weapons-grade nuclear material. The evidence is sketchy, at best, but it does point up a sobering issue--the world’s nuclear arsenals are not always well protected.

U.S. Sends In Special Plane With Heavy Guns-(New York Times, October 16, 2001, Pg. 1)-DoD acknowledged that special forces have been dispatched to Afghanistan and supported by an AC-130 gunship. The AC-130 is designed to attack convoys and troop concentrations and is capable of leveling buildings. Deploying the aircraft to Afghanistan also indicates the Pentagon is confident that Taliban air defenses are mostly destroyed.

Taliban Figure Asks Bombing Halt To Make Deal On Bin Laden-(New York Times, October 16, 2001) -A senior Taliban official has begun secret talks in Pakistan, appealing for end to the U.S. bombing of Afghanistan in return for handing over Osama bin Laden. Also, moderate Afghan government officials are trying to convince Taliban leader Mullah Muhammad Omar to agree to a formula for surrendering bin Laden.

U.S. To Target Elite Taliban Assault Force In Next Phase Major Effort Aimed Partly At Reassuring Americans-(Washington Post, October 14, 2001, Pg. 1)</B>The Pentagon will soon kick-off an extensive range of military actions in Afghanistan. These include covert raids, continued bombing and large-scale helicopter attacks conducted largely to convince the Taliban that U.S. forces are engaged on the ground to hunt down terrorists. The Taliban militia’s 55th Brigade, a seasoned force, is a prime target for coming U.S. military action.

U.S. Urged To Complete Ground Attacks Quickly-(Washington Times, October 15, 2001, Pg. 1)</B>The Muslim holy month of Ramada, combined with Afghanistan’s harsh winter weather, puts pressure on U.S. military planners to produce quick results in their assault against Osama bin Laden and his Taliban protectors.

The Nitty-Gritty Job Of Rooting Out Terrorists-(Christian Science Monitor, October 15, 2001, Pg. 1)-U.S. special forces will play a vital, if covert, role in America’s war on terrorism. But is becoming more obvious that these elite units won’t be able to get the job done quickly---laying the groundwork for combating terrorism requires precise planning and implementation.

Pilots Continue Mission To Destroy Taliban Targets-(USA Today, October 15, 2001, Pg. 3) -The overall success rate for targets hit by U.S. warplanes in Afghanistan is running about 85 percent. Pilots try hard to avoid collateral damage, while the other side tries to create situations that could lead to unintended civilian casualties.

Burning Question: Are Russian Troops Fighting In Afghanistan? -Moscow denies rumors that Russia has gone beyond intelligence, logistics suppport.-(Christian Science Monitor, October 15, 2001)-Russia continues providing intelligence and logistical support to Northern Alliance Afghan forces, but the Kremlin flatly denies rumors that Russian forces have joined the fighting.

Strikes On Second City May Decide Ground Action-(London Times, October 15, 2001) -U.S. warplanes have been bombing Taliban positions around the strategic city of Mazar-I Sharif. The results of those attacks could have a significant impact on how future U.S. ground operations will evolve in Afghanistan. If Taliban forces were ousted from Mazar-I Sharif, it could provide a strategic base for U.S. and British operations.

Fight To The Finish-(U.S. News & World Report, October 22, 2001) -U.S./British air strikes have created considerable problems for the Taliban---their forces have become scattered, seemingly frozen by the terror of massive air bombardment. But destroying the al Qaeda terrorist network in Afghanistan won’t be easy, and that’s just the beginning of the war on terrorism.

U.S, May Rein In Attacks To Help Taliban Foes-(USA Today, October 15, 2001, Pg. 3)-U.S. defense analysts predict that air strikes near the front line of the Taliban forces will slow down so that political factions can decide on how to form a new government.

U.S. Bombs Hammer Targets Near Front Lines-(USA Today, October 15, 2001, Pg. 1)-American warplanes, for the first time, struck in a forbidding area where some 15,000 Taliban troops face an alliance force of roughly 5,000 men. The alliance commander hopes the close air support provided by the Americans will convince some Taliban troops to switch sides.

Airstrikes Are Criticized By Northern Alliance, As U.S. Looks For Broader Post-Taliban Plans-(Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2001)-The Northern Alliance commander complains that U.S. air power isn’t doing enough to help his troops fight the Taliban. Meanwhile, U.S. officials acknowledge that America is deliberately holding back as diplomats try to broker the development of a broader post-Taliban government.

U.S. Stalks Taliban With New Air Scheme -Time runs out for enemy as U.S. assembles assets to spot movement and hit targets within minutes-(Aviation Week & Space Technology, October 15, 2001)-The Pentagon is ready to launch a new, real-time strike operation that can attack moving targets within five minutes of identifying them. The “closed loop, C41” keeps an Air Force general flying over Afghanistan. He has the authority to order attacks against Taliban or Al Qaeda senior personnel once they move from their caves.

A City Lies Poised Between U.S. Troops And The Taliban -Asia: Strategic Uzbek gateway to Afghanistan has sealed itself off---and is happy to see no sign of the American troops just 130 mile away.-(Los Angeles Times, October 15, 2001)-Termez, an ancient desert city in Uzbekistan, has for centuries been the invaders’ gateway to Afghanistan. It is now sealed tight to protect against the threat of Taliban attack or a flood of Afghan refugees. U.S. troops are deployed at the Khanabad air base, some 130 miles away. The Americans have kept such a low profile that it is impossible to know exactly what they are up to at this point.

New terror threat-CNN-Updated: 06:32 p.m. EDT (2232 GMT) -- 11 October 2001

U.S. officials: More al Qaeda-related attacks possible in the next several days
Taliban supreme leader pledged "death or victory" in the battle against the U.S.
Round-the-clock airstrikes continue with attacks on Kabul and Jalalabad
U.S. marks 1 month since attacks with memorials in New York, Washington
Northern Alliance claims strategic province along Taliban supply route
UK:Afghan Campaign "until Summer".
DEVELOPING STORY

New airstrikes hit Kandahar, Kaburl-Updated: 04:48 p.m. EDT (2048 GMT) -- 10 October 2001

New airstrikes hit Kandahar, Kabul
U.S. names 22 top terror suspects
White House urges news media to use judgment in airing al Qaeda statements
U.S. asks Spain to search for eight Islamic extremists
Blair says Afghanistan is just 'first phase' of campaign
Taliban: Restrictions on bin Laden lifted
DEVELOPING STORY

U.S.-led forces conducted new daylight airstrikes Wednesday in Afghanistan
NATO Secretary-General George Robertson labels al Qaeda as "evil criminals ... doing these evil atrocities"
U.S. says three missiles hit target near U.N. workers, fourth unaccounted for
Al Qaeda spokesman says thousands prepared to die until U.S. leaves region
Taliban: Bin Laden still in Afghanistan
DEVELOPING STORY

German chancellor pledges "solidarity" in meeting with Bush, offers no commitment of troops
NATO AWACS planes dispatched to U.S.
Al Qaeda spokesman says thousands prepared to die until U.S. leaves region
Pentagon says 85 percent of Monday's 31 targets hit successfully
Taliban: Bin Laden still in Afghanistan
DEVELOPING STORY

Attacks　Resume-CNN-Updated: 04:03 p.m. EDT (2003 GMT) - 8 October 2001-・ーPresident Bush says bin Laden "virtually took responsibility" for attacks on U.S.-Cruise missiles, B-1, B-2 bombers hit Kabul, Kandahar-U.S. says self-defense might necessitate action against other nations-Pentagon: 37,000 meals dropped in Afghanistan Sunday and Monday-DEVELOPING STORY

アフガニスタンへの２日目夜の空爆始、その他-CNN-2001.10.09 AM 04:34 JST (1934 GMT) Updated

Even Soldiers Hurt Mental Health, Never Before A Priority For The Pentagon, Has Become A Full-Scale Operation-(Time, October 15, 2001)-Before Sept. 11, the Pentagon did not have a single full-time working psychologist. Today there are almost 100, working around the clock to make sure anyone who suffers stress, anxiety and depression knows at the very least where to find help.

Attack on terror　ーCNN-Updated: 08:53 p.m. EDT (0053 GMT) -- 7 October 2001：　① Strikes include cruise missiles and B-1, B-2, B-52 and F-18 warplanes　②Sites targeted: Terror camps, air bases, Taliban command center　③Pentagon official tells CNN attacks will last at least a few days 　④ U.S. to drop food, aid for Afghans　⑤Bin Laden survives initial strikes, Taliban reports, threatens violence against U.S. 　-：- Targets hit in Afghanistan Detail & Bases. Oct. 7,2001.

[イスラム、アラブの支持者への懸命のメッセージ＝感想]
ータリバン、爆撃に「大した被害はなかった」 (08:49) -YomiuriOnLine-2001-10-08:
ービンラーディン、ビデオで対米テロ続行宣言 (07:37)-YomiuriOnLine-2001-10-08:

米国防総省、日曜朝の異例の会議が攻撃の兆候 -CNN-2001.10. 8 -Web posted at: 8:13 AM JST (2313 GMT)

ブレア英首相　「攻撃は目的が十分達成されるまで」 -CNN-2001.10. 8 -Web posted at: 5:11 AM JST (2011 GMT)

米英両軍、アフガンへの限定攻撃始める -CNN-2001.10. 8 -Web posted at: 4:15 AM JST (1915 GMT)

U.S. Needs Subtle Afghan Strategy-United Press International- October 05, 2001-WASHINGTON, Oct 04, 2001 (United Press International via COMTEX) -- Subtle, constant pressure, exploiting weaknesses of the Taliban and aiding its enemies may be more successful in removing the extremist Islamic regime from Afghanistan than a major ground assault by American troops, says Richard Kidd, one of the last Americans to have spent significant time in the country. --"Our challenge is to play to the weaknesses of our enemy, notably their propensity for internal struggles, the distrust between the extremists (and) 'Arabs' and the majority of Afghans, their limited ability to fight coordinated battles and their lack of external support," said Kidd, a 1986 West Point graduate who first entered Afghanistan in 1993 to provide relief and assistance to refugees all along the Tajikistan border.

Military Bases Get Families Ready for War -Military Com.-04.Oct.2001: 国の作戦計画の影で、アメリカの兵士は、戦闘技術を磨くだけでなく、身の回りの事から、出撃後の家族の世話までチェックしている。万一の場合に備え遺言状を書く、子供の養育を考える、生命保険を更新する。軍もこれを手助けする。これらができて準備万端整ったといえる。一片の法律を成立させても軍事力にはならない。日本ではその法律が審議にさえ入っていない。緊急事態の意識、備えがほとんどないのである。（２００１－10－０５ー２２００頃記）

米、アフガンにトランジスタ・ラジオを投下することを検討 -CNN-2001.10. 5 -Web posted at: 1:27 PM JST (0427 GMT)-国防総省筋によると、米政府は軍事行動の前段階として、アフガニスタンにトランジスタ・ラジオを投下することを検討している。ラジオを通して住民に米当局からの放送を届け、反タリバンの動きを奨励するとの「心理作戦」だ。米軍は１９９３年、ハイチに小型パラシュートを付けたラジオを投下。この時は、国民との意志疎通が功を奏し、全面的な軍事行動を避けることができたとして、心理作戦の実績が評価された。

「警告なしに」　元陸軍大将が米軍の行動を予測 -CNN-2001.10. 5 -Web posted at: 7:15 AM JST (2215 GMT)

War protesters clash with cops-By Guy Taylor-THE WASHINGTON TIMES-September 30, 2001--4,500 people called on the United States not to make war on terrorist leaders whose Sept. 11 attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center killed more than 6,000 people.

Bin Laden's Location Sketchy -By Vernon Loeb and Thomas E. Ricks-Washington Post Staff Writers-Sunday, September 30, 2001; Page A01 ;Conflicting intelligence reports about his whereabouts are complicating efforts to track him down. ---Yesterday, a television network in Qatar reported that Afghan security forces had captured members of U.S. special forces in Afghanistan, but the Taliban denied the report. The Pentagon declined to comment, in keeping with its official policy of not talking about operational matters. Defense Department officials privately dismissed the report as incorrect.

テロ後のアフガン難民、１５０万人に達する恐れ -CNN-2001.09.27 -Web posted at: 2:44 AM JST (1744 GMT)

米紙、報復攻撃の概要を予測　空港施設への空爆も -CNN-2001.09.27 -Web posted at: 5:06 AM JST (2006 GMT) : [『米ＡＢＣテレビの深夜トーク番組の司会者が今月１９日、番組中「米国のこれまでの軍事行動はいずれも臆病」と発言し、一部スポンサーが番組から降りる事態にまで発展した騒動があった。ホワイトハウスのフレイシャー報道官は２６日、現在もこの司会者に怒りを感じていると語った｛ホワイトハウスも激怒　米テレビ司会者の問題発言｝。』。こんな米国民の怒りを、米軍のこの行動により、静められるとよい。 CNNは、報復ーRetaliationーの用語を、自衛戦争とでも犯人検挙作戦とでも改める方がよい。

さらに約２０００人の予備役を召集　国防総省 -CNN-2001.09.26 -Web posted at: 5:53 AM JST (2053 GMT) :[我が国も小泉首相の“公約”実行の具体的行動の一つとして、要員の配置、教育、未充足人員の募集などに忙しい]

米軍事活動に備え３０万人動員と　タリバン -CNN-2001.09.24 -Web posted at: 7:04 PM JST (1004 GMT) ：[感想ービンラディン一派が考えた“人質作戦”といえよう。この中に紛れて、攻撃を避け、逃げまわれるだろうか。仮にそれができたとしても、包囲網・封鎖網が疲れる、弱まる、破れるまで続けられるだろうか。タリバンも追い込まれている？。９１１のテロ攻撃は戦略的大失敗？、神様・英雄になれて本懐？（２００１-０９-２４-２１５０頃記）]

Gulf States Support Anti-Terror Effort　Washington Post Foreign Service-Monday, September 24, 2001; Page A13-Six Persian Gulf Arab states pledged support for an international coalition against terrorism.：[感想ー米、英、仏などを中心とした外交攻勢、包囲作戦が効果を発揮しているようだ。米軍展開などによる軍事的圧力の高まりは、北部同盟の士気を高め、攻勢を活発化し、タリバン勢力は士気を下げ、北部同盟への寝返りが出たりしているようだ。これらの圧力で、タリバンが分裂し、ビンラディンが自決し（英雄・神になる？）たり、ビンラディン一味を差し出したりした場合、米国民はあげた拳を下ろせるだろうか。ブッシュ政権は国民を説得できるだろうか。（２００１-０９-２４-２１４０頃記）]

英特殊部隊、タリバン兵と接触か　英紙 -CNN-2001.09.24 -Web posted at: 4:31 PM JST (0731 GMT):[感想ーXデー？が関心を集めているが、テロ集団検挙の直接行動は、すでに開始されているのではないか。無人偵察機行方不明などとも整合する。空母などのアフガニスタン周辺への展開は、これですぐに攻撃をするというよりも、相手が、疲れ、攻撃を仕掛けてくる、即ち、正体と所在を自ら明らかにしたときに備えたものではないか。ソ連が撤退を余儀なくされたのは、タリバンへの補給が続いたからだ。包囲・封鎖されたタリバン勢力が、どこまで士気、団結を維持できるのだろうか。（２００１-０９-２４-２１３０頃記）]

タリバンがパキスタン国境に部隊集結か CNN-2001.09.22 -Web posted at: 12:06 PM JST (0306 GMT)

北部同盟、米と共同作戦も(01:24) -YomiuriOnLine-2001-09-23:---「タリバン兵士は米国の攻撃が始まったら、正面から戦いを挑むことはない。彼らは転々と拠点を変えるか、パキスタンに逃げ込むか、一般人に紛れるかのどれかだ」と指摘した。--北部同盟が地上作戦の主体を務める意向を示した。　「タリバンの戦意はだんだん低下している。内通者も多い。--北部同盟が米国から武器援助を受ける可能性については、「米国の兵器は最新式で覚えるのに時間がかかる。旧ソ連の兵器で十分」と否定的だった。北部同盟はタジク人主体のラバニ派を中心とする組織で、バダフシャン州など北東部を中心に国土の２０％を掌握していると主張。レギスタニ武官によると、兵力は正規兵１万５０００人、民兵が４万５０００人という。

「北部同盟」への支援を検討　米国防長官(11:20)　ーAsahi.Com.-2001-9-22-[感想ーアメリカの戦略の幅の広さ、底の深さ、質の高さを示すものである。自由民主主義諸国、ロシア、サウジアラビア、インド、タジキスタン、イラン、などが協力すれば、自らが被る犠牲の少ない戦略である。ただ「英雄」とか「獅子」と言われたマス－ド司令官を９月１５日？に失った「北部同盟」の力の増強には時間がかかろう。それまでアメリカ国民が待っているだろうか。待ったとして、この場合も、これまでタリバン支持できているパキスタンの対応が鍵を握る。並行して、ビンラディン氏をアフガニスタン国内に留まらせておく、他国への逃走を封じる工作が進められていなければならない。現在水面下で折衝、工作中のことであろう。この場合は、“高貴な鷲作戦”は、長引くが、戦線は拡大せず、アフガニスタンのタリバン勢力が圧殺される、ビンラディン支持勢力が消滅することを以って一段落とする選択が可能となる、米国民の怒りを静めることが可能となるかも知れない。比較的、穏やかな落としどころの一つである。国際社会の対テロ防止作戦としての“高貴な鷲作戦”は、名前はともかく、半永久的に、日本も重い責任を負って、一致結束して続けなければならない。２００１－９－２２－１２３０頃記]
「北部同盟については、こちら（ソ連介入後のアフガニスタン内戦ームジャヒデイン闘争史ー）等を参照してください。」

イランが米軍の領空通過を拒否 CNN-2001.09.21 -Web posted at: 3:42 PM JST (0642 GMT)

テロ後、米軍へ志願する若者急増　愛国心に燃える-CNN-2001.09.21 -Web posted at: 4:50 AM JST (1950 GMT) -「--この怒りは抑えられない。法で裁く？　そんな事態ではない」、「家族の反対もあったが、憤り、決断が勝った」ーー。事件発生後、通常の約１．５倍に。軍に志願すれば、まず基礎学力や体力が試され、合格すれば９週間の訓練を受ける。早ければ半年で任務に就く。
[感想ー日本でも、「高貴な鷲作戦」の“後方支援”に自衛隊を活用するためのいろいろな施策の検討が軌道に乗ったように見える。当然のことながら、これらは自衛隊に新たな任務を追加するもの。これらの実施に当るのは自衛隊員であるが、最も活躍する若い隊員の充足率は低い。政府のテロ対処方針で言う「－－自衛隊を派遣するための措置を講じる」に当って、現行法で定めている定員まで逐次増員し、新隊員に教育を開始することは、自由民主主義諸国に日本の覚悟を効果的に明示する有効な施策であると考える。これには予算措置などは必要だが、憲法に触れる種類のものではない。決断すれば今すぐできることの一つである。対テロ作戦が“長引く”ことも自覚するなら、なおさら必要である。政治がこれらの決断を適時・適切に行うことを、日本の防衛力の整備、維持、運用の基本構想である“基盤的防衛力構想”は、大前提として成り立っている。“文民統制”の真価を発揮するときである。2001-9-21-1200頃記]

「評議会」がビンラディン氏に国外退去を勧告　アフガニスタン ー2001.09.20 PM 06:06 JST (0906 GMT) Updatedーカブール―アフガニスタンの聖職者らによる「評議会」は２０日、同時多発テロの主要容疑者とされるウサマ・ビンラディン氏に自主的な国外退去を求める「布告」を出した。米国の攻撃を避けるための「譲歩」とみられ、ビンラディン氏の対応が注目される。

海上自衛隊　イージス艦派遣へー政府は１９日夜、首相官邸でテロ対策関係閣僚会議を開き、米国の同時多発テロ事件に対する「基本方針」と、米軍によるテロ報復攻撃への支援策を中心とする７項目の「当面の措置」を決定。これを踏まえ、情報収集を目的に海上自衛隊のイージス艦を９月中にもインド洋に派遣する方向で検討に入った。 (03:00)[全文へ]

米空軍約１００機、ペルシャ湾岸地域へ展開命令 (06:35) -YmiuriOnLine-2001-09-20

Scarcity of Afghan Targets Leads U.S. to Revise Strategy-NYTimes-Sept.19,2001.

対アフガン戦に元ソ連軍幹部から「過去の教訓」 -CNN-Sept.19,2001---ロンドン・キングズ大学のジョン・ガーネット氏はＣＮＮに対し、「アフガニスタンでの地上戦は非常に難しい。米国は地上戦を避けるべきだ」と語った。 ---「攻撃対象を『テロリストをかくまっている可能性のある国家』にまで広げるとなれば、シリアやアルジェリアをはじめ、イラク、さらにはパキスタンの名前まで挙がってくる。そうなったら、米国への共感も薄れ始めるだろう」と話している。
爆撃、特殊部隊投入…武力行使のシナリオは？ -CNN-Sept.19,2001

Pakistan Closes Afghan Border After Mission to Taliban Founders -NYTimes.-By JOHN F. BURNS with CHRISTOPHER S. WREN-Pakistani officials returned from Afghanistan after being rebuffed by the Taliban government on an American demand that it immediately surrender Osama bin Laden.

「テロとの戦いは、かなりの時間が」　米国防長官 CNN-　2001.09.17 -Web posted at: 8:08 AM JST (2308 GMT)- ワシントン（ＣＮＮ）　ラムズフェルド国防長官は１６日、予想されるテロ組織との戦いについて、「軍事力だけでなく、外交、政治力や経済力を要する広範で継続的な努力が必要になる。それにはかなりの時間がかかる。数日や数週間でなく、年単位の話だ」と述べた。[感想ー日本のマスコミは、どんな作戦計画だろうか、どこを、どう攻撃するだろうか、容易ではない、アメリカは、ソ連のように敗退するのではないか、ベトナムの二の舞になるのではないか、などと、面白おかしく、テロに屈することを期待しているか、他人の不幸を喜ぶかのごとく、また、場所をアフガニスタンと思い込み、明日にも攻撃し、殲滅を意図しているかのごとく報道しているのではないか。日本の足元を、身の回りを、もっと見つめるべきではないか。この時期に“作戦計画”を語る人は真のプロではない。いわんや日本にはこの作戦計画を立てられるような人材は育てられていない。実戦経験の一つだにない、公開情報にも劣る情報量をもってする“識者”の無責任な発言には注意したい。]

タリバン拠点のカンダハルから人口の半分に達する約１０万人が脱出したようだと、国連高等弁務官事務所のスポークスマンが９月１７日語った。

ウズベキスタン政府は米軍による領空やアフガニスタンと国境を接する同国の領土の使用を認める予定ーWashingtonPost紙-Sept.17,2001.

パキスタン軍が警戒態勢　タリバンの報復攻撃に備え　Sankei-2001-09-17夕刊

米国特殊部隊先遣隊、パキスタン入りの可能性を、いくつかの空港が9月15日「特別に重要な貨物」を受け入れるため長時間にわたって閉鎖されたことを根拠として、RPが報じた。

ビン・ラーデイン氏は化学兵器を所有との情報を、トルコ政府要人は、「北部同盟」の有力指導者筋から入手し、米国に通報したとイタルファックス通信は9月15日アンカラ発で報じた。

U.S. Forces Being Moved to Guam: 8 Fighters, Guided Missile Cruiser Involved (Washington Post, Sept. 14, 2001; 7:00 AM)

国防総省が予備役召集を検討-CNN-2001.09.14 -Web posted at: 11:01 AM JST (0201 GMT) - （ＣＮＮ）　米国防総省は同時多発テロへの報復として、大規模な軍事行動が起こす場合に備え、数千人規模の予備役を招集することを検討しているという。

国防総省、報復攻撃の6案を検討 -CNN-2001.09.14 AM 05:44 JST (2044 GMT) Updated-ニューヨークとワシントンでの同時テロで、国防総省は１３日、報復の軍事行動について具体的な検討に入った。統合参謀本部は、陸軍特殊部隊（デルタフォース）の限定作戦、空軍の大規模空爆、陸軍歩兵部隊の地上作戦など６つのオプションをブッシュ大統領とラムズフェルド国防長官に提示した。